The 12-month period in which coffee is harvested and processed. Different countries have different crop years based on their harvest seasons. Freshness matters in coffee — newer crop coffees degas properly; old crop coffees go stale and often taste woody or papery.
Buying "current crop" Colombian coffee means harvested within the last 12 months. "Past crop" means 1–2 years old — still drinkable but less vibrant.